Senin, 07 Mei 2012

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech Indirect Speech / Reported Speech


Direct Speech / Quoted Speech
Mengatakan apa kata seseorang disebut pidato langsung (terkadang disebut pidato dikutip)
Berikut apa seseorang mengatakan muncul dalam tanda kutip ("...") dan harus kata demi kata
For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech
Pidato langsung (terkadang disebut pidato dilaporkan), tidak menggunakan tanda kutip untuk menyertakan apa yang orang katakan dan tidak harus kata demi kata.
Saat melaporkan pidato tegang biasanya berubah. Hal ini karena ketika kita menggunakan pidato dilaporkan, kita biasanya berbicara tentang waktu di masa lalu (karena sudah jelas orang yang berbicara awalnya berbicara di masa lalu). Kata kerja karena itu biasanya harus di masa lalu juga
.
For example:
Direct speech
Indirect speech
"I'm going to school", he said.
He said that he was go to school

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Tense change
As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):
Direct speech

Indirect speech

Present simple
She said, "It's hot."
Past simple
She said it was hot.

Present continuous
She said, "
French language teaching."
Past continuous
She said she was teaching french .

Direct speech
Indirect speech
"My name is Dila", she said.
She said her name was Dila.
or
She said her name is Dila.
 You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event
Direct speech (exact quote)
Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech ", she said.
She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.
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Time change
If the reported sentence contains an expression of time. You must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.
. For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.
Today
+ 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations."
She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations.

Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening)
that (evening)
today
yesterday ...
these (days)
those (days)
Pronoun Change
In reported speech the pronoun often changes
For example :
Me
You
"I teach English online."
She said she teaches English online.
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Reporting Verbs
Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech
We use asked to report question
For example : I asked lynne what time the lesson started
We use told with an object
For example : Lynne told me she felt tired.

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